defmodule AshPostgres.Expr do
  @moduledoc false

  alias Ash.Filter
  alias Ash.Query.{BooleanExpression, Exists, Not, Ref}
  alias Ash.Query.Operator.IsNil

  alias Ash.Query.Function.{
    Ago,
    At,
    CompositeType,
    Contains,
    DateAdd,
    DateTimeAdd,
    Error,
    FromNow,
    GetPath,
    If,
    Lazy,
    Length,
    Now,
    Round,
    StringJoin,
    StringLength,
    StringSplit,
    StringTrim,
    Today,
    Type
  }

  alias AshPostgres.Functions.{Fragment, ILike, Like, TrigramSimilarity, VectorCosineDistance}

  require Ecto.Query

  defmodule ExprInfo do
    @moduledoc false
    defstruct has_error?: false
  end

  def dynamic_expr(query, expr, bindings, embedded? \\ false, type \\ nil, acc \\ %ExprInfo{})

  def dynamic_expr(_query, %Filter{expression: nil}, _bindings, _embedded?, _type, acc) do
    # a nil filter means everything
    {true, acc}
  end

  def dynamic_expr(query, %Filter{expression: expression}, bindings, embedded?, type, acc) do
    dynamic_expr(query, expression, bindings, embedded?, type, acc)
  end

  def dynamic_expr(_, true, _, _, _, acc), do: {true, acc}
  def dynamic_expr(_, false, _, _, _, acc), do: {false, acc}

  def dynamic_expr(query, expression, bindings, embedded?, type, acc) do
    do_dynamic_expr(query, expression, bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, expr, bindings, embedded?, acc, type \\ nil)

  defp do_dynamic_expr(_, {:embed, other}, _bindings, _true, acc, _type) do
    {other, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, %Not{expression: expression}, bindings, embedded?, acc, _type) do
    {new_expression, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, expression, bindings, embedded?, acc, :boolean)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(not (^new_expression)), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %TrigramSimilarity{arguments: [arg1, arg2], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {arg1, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {arg2, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg2, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("similarity(?, ?)", ^arg1, ^arg2)), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %VectorCosineDistance{arguments: [arg1, arg2], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {arg1, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {arg2, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg2, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("(? <=> ?)", ^arg1, ^arg2)), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Like{arguments: [arg1, arg2], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {arg1, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {arg2, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg2, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(like(^arg1, ^arg2)), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %ILike{arguments: [arg1, arg2], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    {arg1, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    {arg2, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg2, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :string)

    type =
      if type != Ash.Type.Boolean do
        type
      end

    {
      Ecto.Query.dynamic(ilike(^arg1, ^arg2))
      |> maybe_type(type, query),
      acc
    }
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %IsNil{left: left, right: right, embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {left_expr, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

    {right_expr, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, right, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :boolean)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(is_nil(^left_expr) == ^right_expr), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         _query,
         %Lazy{arguments: [{m, f, a}]},
         _bindings,
         _embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {apply(m, f, a), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ago{arguments: [left, right], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       )
       when is_binary(right) or is_atom(right) do
    {left, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(
       fragment("(?)", datetime_add(^DateTime.utc_now(), ^left * -1, ^to_string(right)))
     ), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %At{arguments: [left, right], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {left, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    {right, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, right, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    expr =
      if is_integer(right) do
        Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("(?)[?]", ^left, ^(right + 1)))
      else
        Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("(?)[? + 1]", ^left, ^right))
      end

    {expr, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %FromNow{arguments: [left, right], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       )
       when is_binary(right) or is_atom(right) do
    {left, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(
       fragment("(?)", datetime_add(^DateTime.utc_now(), ^left, ^to_string(right)))
     ), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %DateTimeAdd{arguments: [datetime, amount, interval], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       )
       when is_binary(interval) or is_atom(interval) do
    {datetime, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, datetime, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

    {amount, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, amount, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("(?)", datetime_add(^datetime, ^amount, ^to_string(interval)))),
     acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %DateAdd{arguments: [date, amount, interval], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       )
       when is_binary(interval) or is_atom(interval) do
    {date, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, date, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

    {amount, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, amount, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, :integer)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("(?)", datetime_add(^date, ^amount, ^to_string(interval)))), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %GetPath{
           arguments: [
             %Ref{attribute: %Ash.Resource.Aggregate{} = aggregate, resource: resource} = left,
             right
           ],
           embedded?: pred_embedded?
         },
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _
       )
       when is_list(right) do
    attribute =
      if aggregate.field do
        related = Ash.Resource.Info.related(resource, aggregate.relationship_path)
        Ash.Resource.Info.attribute(related, aggregate.field)
      end

    attribute_type =
      if attribute do
        attribute.type
      end

    attribute_constraints =
      if attribute do
        attribute.constraints
      end

    {:ok, type, constraints} =
      Ash.Query.Aggregate.kind_to_type(aggregate.kind, attribute_type, attribute_constraints)

    type
    |> Ash.Resource.Info.aggregate_type(aggregate)
    |> split_at_paths(constraints, right)
    |> Enum.reduce(do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, embedded?, acc), fn data, {expr, acc} ->
      do_get_path(query, expr, data, bindings, embedded?, pred_embedded?, acc)
    end)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %GetPath{
           arguments: [%Ref{attribute: %{type: type, constraints: constraints}} = left, right],
           embedded?: pred_embedded?
         },
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _
       )
       when is_list(right) do
    type
    |> split_at_paths(constraints, right)
    |> Enum.reduce(do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, embedded?, acc), fn data, {expr, acc} ->
      do_get_path(query, expr, data, bindings, embedded?, pred_embedded?, acc)
    end)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Contains{arguments: [left, %Ash.CiString{} = right], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    if "citext" in AshPostgres.DataLayer.Info.repo(query.__ash_bindings__.resource, :mutate).installed_extensions() do
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments: [
            raw: "(strpos((",
            expr: left,
            raw: "::citext), (",
            expr: right,
            raw: ")) > 0)"
          ]
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc,
        type
      )
    else
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments: [
            raw: "(strpos(lower(",
            expr: left,
            raw: "), lower(",
            expr: right,
            raw: ")) > 0)"
          ]
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc,
        type
      )
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Contains{arguments: [left, right], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments: [
          raw: "(strpos((",
          expr: left,
          raw: "), (",
          expr: right,
          raw: ")) > 0)"
        ]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Length{arguments: [list], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments: [
          raw: "array_length((",
          expr: list,
          raw: "), 1)"
        ]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %If{arguments: [condition, when_true, when_false], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    [condition_type, when_true_type, when_false_type] =
      case AshPostgres.Types.determine_types(If, [condition, when_true, when_false]) do
        [condition_type, when_true] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, nil]

        [condition_type, when_true, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, when_false]
      end
      |> case do
        [condition_type, nil, nil] ->
          [condition_type, type, type]

        [condition_type, when_true, nil] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, type]

        [condition_type, nil, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, type, when_false]

        [condition_type, when_true, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, when_false]
      end

    {condition, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        condition,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        condition_type
      )

    {when_true, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        when_true,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        when_true_type
      )

    {additional_cases, when_false, acc} =
      extract_cases(
        query,
        when_false,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        when_false_type
      )

    additional_case_fragments =
      additional_cases
      |> Enum.flat_map(fn {condition, when_true} ->
        [
          raw: " WHEN ",
          casted_expr: condition,
          raw: " THEN ",
          casted_expr: when_true
        ]
      end)

    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments:
          [
            raw: "(CASE WHEN ",
            casted_expr: condition,
            raw: " THEN ",
            casted_expr: when_true
          ] ++
            additional_case_fragments ++
            [
              raw: " ELSE ",
              casted_expr: when_false,
              raw: " END)"
            ]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %StringJoin{arguments: [values, joiner], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments:
          Enum.reduce(values, [raw: "(concat_ws(", expr: joiner], fn value, frag_acc ->
            frag_acc ++ [raw: ", ", expr: value]
          end) ++ [raw: "))"]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %StringSplit{arguments: [string, delimiter, options], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    if options[:trim?] do
      require_ash_functions!(query, "string_split(..., trim?: true)")

      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments: [
            raw: "ash_trim_whitespace(string_to_array(",
            expr: string,
            raw: ", NULLIF(",
            expr: delimiter,
            raw: ", '')))"
          ]
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc,
        type
      )
    else
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments: [
            raw: "string_to_array(",
            expr: string,
            raw: ", NULLIF(",
            expr: delimiter,
            raw: ", ''))"
          ]
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc,
        type
      )
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %StringJoin{arguments: [values], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments:
          [raw: "(concat("] ++
            (values
             |> Enum.reduce([], fn value, acc ->
               acc ++ [expr: value]
             end)
             |> Enum.intersperse({:raw, ", "})) ++
            [raw: "))"]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %StringLength{arguments: [value], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments: [raw: "length(", expr: value, raw: ")"]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %StringTrim{arguments: [value], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments: [
          raw: "REGEXP_REPLACE(REGEXP_REPLACE(",
          expr: value,
          raw: ", '\s+$', ''), '^\s+', '')"
        ]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  # Sorry :(
  # This is bad to do, but is the only reasonable way I could find.
  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Fragment{arguments: arguments, embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    arguments =
      case arguments do
        [{:raw, _} | _] ->
          arguments

        arguments ->
          [{:raw, ""} | arguments]
      end

    arguments =
      case List.last(arguments) do
        nil ->
          arguments

        {:raw, _} ->
          arguments

        _ ->
          arguments ++ [{:raw, ""}]
      end

    {params, fragment_data, _, acc} =
      Enum.reduce(arguments, {[], [], 0, acc}, fn
        {:raw, str}, {params, fragment_data, count, acc} ->
          {params, [{:raw, str} | fragment_data], count, acc}

        {:casted_expr, dynamic}, {params, fragment_data, count, acc} ->
          {item, params, count} =
            {{:^, [], [count]}, [{dynamic, :any} | params], count + 1}

          {params, [{:expr, item} | fragment_data], count, acc}

        {:expr, expr}, {params, fragment_data, count, acc} ->
          {dynamic, acc} =
            do_dynamic_expr(query, expr, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

          type =
            if is_binary(expr) do
              :string
            else
              :any
            end

          {item, params, count} =
            {{:^, [], [count]}, [{dynamic, type} | params], count + 1}

          {params, [{:expr, item} | fragment_data], count, acc}
      end)

    {%Ecto.Query.DynamicExpr{
       fun: fn _query ->
         {{:fragment, [], Enum.reverse(fragment_data)}, Enum.reverse(params), [], %{}}
       end,
       binding: [],
       file: __ENV__.file,
       line: __ENV__.line
     }, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %BooleanExpression{op: op, left: left, right: right},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    {left_expr, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, embedded?, acc, :boolean)
    {right_expr, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, right, bindings, embedded?, acc, :boolean)

    expr =
      case op do
        :and ->
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr and ^right_expr)

        :or ->
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr or ^right_expr)
      end

    {expr, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ash.Query.Function.Minus{arguments: [arg], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    [determined_type] = AshPostgres.Types.determine_types(Ash.Query.Function.Minus, [arg])

    {expr, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        arg,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        determined_type || type
      )

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(-(^expr)), acc}
  end

  # Honestly we need to either 1. not type cast or 2. build in type compatibility concepts
  # instead of `:same` we need an `ANY COMPATIBLE` equivalent.
  @cast_operands_for [:<>]

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %mod{
           __predicate__?: _,
           left: left,
           right: right,
           embedded?: pred_embedded?,
           operator: operator
         },
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    [left_type, right_type] =
      mod
      |> AshPostgres.Types.determine_types([left, right])

    {left_expr, acc} =
      if left_type && operator in @cast_operands_for do
        {left_expr, acc} =
          do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^left_expr, ^left_type)), acc}
      else
        do_dynamic_expr(query, left, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, left_type)
      end

    {right_expr, acc} =
      if right_type && operator in @cast_operands_for do
        {right_expr, acc} =
          do_dynamic_expr(query, right, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)

        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^right_expr, ^right_type)), acc}
      else
        do_dynamic_expr(query, right, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc, right_type)
      end

    case operator do
      :== ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr == ^right_expr), acc}

      :!= ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr != ^right_expr), acc}

      :> ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr > ^right_expr), acc}

      :< ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr < ^right_expr), acc}

      :>= ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr >= ^right_expr), acc}

      :<= ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr <= ^right_expr), acc}

      :in ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr in ^right_expr), acc}

      :+ ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr + ^right_expr), acc}

      :- ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr - ^right_expr), acc}

      :/ ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^left_expr, :decimal) / type(^right_expr, :decimal)), acc}

      :* ->
        {Ecto.Query.dynamic(^left_expr * ^right_expr), acc}

      :<> ->
        do_dynamic_expr(
          query,
          %Fragment{
            embedded?: pred_embedded?,
            arguments: [
              raw: "(",
              casted_expr: left_expr,
              raw: " || ",
              casted_expr: right_expr,
              raw: ")"
            ]
          },
          bindings,
          embedded?,
          acc,
          type
        )

      :|| ->
        require_ash_functions!(query, "||")

        do_dynamic_expr(
          query,
          %Fragment{
            embedded?: pred_embedded?,
            arguments: [
              raw: "ash_elixir_or(",
              casted_expr: left_expr,
              raw: ", ",
              casted_expr: right_expr,
              raw: ")"
            ]
          },
          bindings,
          embedded?,
          acc,
          type
        )

      :&& ->
        require_ash_functions!(query, "&&")

        do_dynamic_expr(
          query,
          %Fragment{
            embedded?: pred_embedded?,
            arguments: [
              raw: "ash_elixir_and(",
              casted_expr: left_expr,
              raw: ", ",
              casted_expr: right_expr,
              raw: ")"
            ]
          },
          bindings,
          embedded?,
          acc,
          type
        )

      other ->
        raise "Operator not implemented #{other}"
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, %MapSet{} = mapset, bindings, embedded?, acc, type) do
    do_dynamic_expr(query, Enum.to_list(mapset), bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ash.CiString{string: string} = expression,
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    {string, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, string, bindings, embedded?, acc)

    require_extension!(query, "citext", expression)

    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: embedded?,
        arguments: [
          raw: "",
          casted_expr: string,
          raw: "::citext"
        ]
      },
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ref{
           attribute: %Ash.Query.Calculation{} = calculation,
           relationship_path: relationship_path
         } = type_expr,
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    calculation = %{calculation | load: calculation.name}

    type =
      AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(
        calculation.type,
        Map.get(calculation, :constraints, [])
      )

    validate_type!(query, type, type_expr)
    resource = Ash.Resource.Info.related(bindings.resource, relationship_path)

    case Ash.Filter.hydrate_refs(
           calculation.module.expression(calculation.opts, calculation.context),
           %{
             resource: resource,
             aggregates: %{},
             calculations: %{},
             public?: false
           }
         ) do
      {:ok, expression} ->
        expression =
          Ash.Filter.move_to_relationship_path(
            expression,
            relationship_path
          )

        expression =
          Ash.Actions.Read.add_calc_context_to_filter(
            expression,
            calculation.context[:actor],
            calculation.context[:authorize?],
            calculation.context[:tenant],
            calculation.context[:tracer]
          )

        do_dynamic_expr(
          query,
          expression,
          bindings,
          embedded?,
          acc,
          type
        )

      {:error, error} ->
        raise """
        Failed to hydrate references for resource #{inspect(resource)} in #{inspect(calculation.module.expression(calculation.opts, calculation.context))}

        #{inspect(error)}
        """
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ref{
           attribute: %Ash.Query.Aggregate{
             kind: :exists,
             relationship_path: agg_relationship_path
           },
           relationship_path: ref_relationship_path
         },
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      %Ash.Query.Exists{path: agg_relationship_path, expr: true, at_path: ref_relationship_path},
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ref{attribute: %Ash.Query.Aggregate{} = aggregate} = ref,
         bindings,
         _embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    %{attribute: aggregate} =
      ref =
      case bindings.aggregate_names[aggregate.name] do
        nil ->
          ref

        name ->
          %{ref | attribute: %{aggregate | name: name}}
      end

    related = Ash.Resource.Info.related(query.__ash_bindings__.resource, ref.relationship_path)

    first_optimized_aggregate? =
      AshPostgres.Aggregate.optimizable_first_aggregate?(related, aggregate)

    {ref_binding, field_name, value, acc} =
      if first_optimized_aggregate? do
        ref = %{
          ref
          | attribute: %Ash.Resource.Attribute{name: :fake},
            relationship_path: ref.relationship_path ++ aggregate.relationship_path
        }

        ref_binding = ref_binding(ref, bindings)

        if is_nil(ref_binding) do
          raise "Error while building reference: #{inspect(ref)}"
        end

        ref =
          %Ash.Query.Ref{
            attribute:
              AshPostgres.Aggregate.aggregate_field(
                aggregate,
                Ash.Resource.Info.related(query.__ash_bindings__.resource, ref.relationship_path),
                aggregate.relationship_path,
                query
              ),
            relationship_path: ref.relationship_path,
            resource: query.__ash_bindings__.resource
          }

        ref =
          Ash.Actions.Read.add_calc_context_to_filter(
            ref,
            aggregate.context[:actor],
            aggregate.context[:authorize?],
            aggregate.context[:tenant],
            aggregate.context[:tracer]
          )

        {value, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, ref, query.__ash_bindings__, false, acc)

        {ref_binding, aggregate.field, value, acc}
      else
        ref_binding = ref_binding(ref, bindings)

        if is_nil(ref_binding) do
          raise "Error while building reference: #{inspect(ref)}"
        end

        {ref_binding, aggregate.name, nil, acc}
      end

    field_name =
      if is_binary(field_name) do
        new_field_name =
          query.__ash_bindings__.aggregate_names[field_name]

        unless new_field_name do
          raise "Unbound aggregate field: #{inspect(field_name)}"
        end

        new_field_name
      else
        field_name
      end

    expr =
      if value do
        value
      else
        if query.__ash_bindings__[:parent?] do
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(parent_as(^ref_binding), ^field_name))
        else
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(as(^ref_binding), ^field_name))
        end
      end

    type = AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(aggregate.type, aggregate.constraints)
    validate_type!(query, type, ref)

    type =
      if type && aggregate.kind == :list do
        {:array, type}
      else
        type
      end

    coalesced =
      if is_nil(aggregate.default_value) do
        expr
      else
        if type do
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(coalesce(^expr, type(^aggregate.default_value, ^type)))
        else
          Ecto.Query.dynamic(coalesce(^expr, ^aggregate.default_value))
        end
      end

    if type do
      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^coalesced, ^type)), acc}
    else
      {coalesced, acc}
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Round{arguments: [num | rest], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    precision = Enum.at(rest, 0) || 1

    frag =
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments: [
          raw: "ROUND(",
          expr: num,
          raw: ", ",
          expr: precision,
          raw: ")"
        ]
      }

    do_dynamic_expr(query, frag, bindings, pred_embedded? || embedded?, acc)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Type{arguments: [arg1, arg2, constraints]},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    arg2 = Ash.Type.get_type(arg2)
    arg1 = maybe_uuid_to_binary(arg2, arg1, arg1)
    type = AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(arg2, constraints)

    if type do
      {expr, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^expr, ^type)), acc}
    else
      do_dynamic_expr(query, arg1, bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %CompositeType{arguments: [arg1, arg2, constraints], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       )
       when is_map(arg1) do
    type = Ash.Type.get_type(arg2)

    composite_keys = Ash.Type.composite_types(type, constraints)

    type = AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(type, constraints)

    values =
      composite_keys
      |> Enum.map(fn config ->
        key = elem(config, 0)
        {:expr, Map.get(arg1, key)}
      end)
      |> Enum.intersperse({:raw, ","})

    frag =
      %Fragment{
        embedded?: pred_embedded?,
        arguments:
          [
            raw: "ROW("
          ] ++
            values ++
            [
              raw: ")"
            ]
      }

    {frag, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(query, frag, bindings, embedded?, acc)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^frag, ^type)), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Now{embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      DateTime.utc_now(),
      bindings,
      embedded? || pred_embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Today{embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    do_dynamic_expr(
      query,
      Date.utc_today(),
      bindings,
      embedded? || pred_embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ash.Query.Parent{expr: expr},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    parent? = Map.get(bindings.parent_bindings, :parent_is_parent_as?, true)
    new_bindings = Map.put(bindings.parent_bindings, :parent?, parent?)

    do_dynamic_expr(
      %{
        query
        | __ash_bindings__: new_bindings
      },
      expr,
      new_bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      type
    )
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Error{arguments: [exception, input]} = value,
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type
       ) do
    require_ash_functions!(query, "error/2")

    acc = %{acc | has_error?: true}

    unless Keyword.keyword?(input) || is_map(input) do
      raise "Input expression to `error` must be a map or keyword list"
    end

    {encoded, acc} =
      if Ash.Filter.TemplateHelpers.expr?(input) do
        frag_parts =
          Enum.map(input, fn {key, value} ->
            if Ash.Filter.TemplateHelpers.expr?(value) do
              [
                expr: to_string(key),
                raw: "::text, ",
                expr: value
              ]
            else
              [
                expr: to_string(key),
                raw: "::text, ",
                expr: value,
                raw: "::jsonb"
              ]
            end
          end)
          |> Enum.intersperse(raw: ", ")
          |> List.flatten()

        do_dynamic_expr(
          query,
          %Fragment{
            embedded?: false,
            arguments:
              [
                raw: "jsonb_build_object('exception', ",
                expr: inspect(exception),
                raw: "::text, 'input', jsonb_build_object("
              ] ++
                frag_parts ++
                [raw: "))"]
          },
          bindings,
          embedded?,
          acc
        )
      else
        {Jason.encode!(%{exception: inspect(exception), input: Map.new(input)}), acc}
      end

    if type do
      # This is a type hint, if we're raising an error, we tell it what the value
      # type *would* be in this expression so that we can return a "NULL" of that type
      # its weird, but there isn't any other way that I can tell :)
      validate_type!(query, type, value)

      dynamic =
        Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^nil, ^type))

      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("ash_raise_error(?::jsonb, ?)", ^encoded, ^dynamic)), acc}
    else
      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(fragment("ash_raise_error(?::jsonb)", ^encoded)), acc}
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Exists{at_path: at_path, path: [first | rest], expr: expr},
         bindings,
         _embedded?,
         acc,
         _type
       ) do
    resource = Ash.Resource.Info.related(bindings.resource, at_path)
    first_relationship = Ash.Resource.Info.relationship(resource, first)

    last_relationship =
      Enum.reduce(rest, first_relationship, fn name, relationship ->
        Ash.Resource.Info.relationship(relationship.destination, name)
      end)

    {:ok, expr} =
      Ash.Filter.hydrate_refs(expr, %{
        resource: last_relationship.destination,
        aggregates: %{},
        parent_stack: [
          query.__ash_bindings__.resource
          | query.__ash_bindings__[:parent_resource] || []
        ],
        calculations: %{},
        public?: false
      })

    filter =
      %Ash.Filter{expression: expr, resource: first_relationship.destination}
      |> nest_expression(rest)

    {:ok, source, source_acc} =
      AshPostgres.Join.maybe_get_resource_query(
        first_relationship.destination,
        first_relationship,
        query,
        false,
        [first_relationship.name]
      )

    acc = merge_accumulator(acc, source_acc)

    used_aggregates = Ash.Filter.used_aggregates(filter, [])

    {:ok, filtered} =
      source
      |> set_parent_path(query)
      |> AshPostgres.Aggregate.add_aggregates(
        used_aggregates,
        first_relationship.destination,
        false,
        0
      )
      |> case do
        {:ok, query} ->
          AshPostgres.DataLayer.filter(
            query,
            filter,
            first_relationship.destination,
            no_this?: true
          )

        {:error, error} ->
          {:error, error}
      end

    acc = merge_accumulator(query.__ash_bindings__.expression_accumulator, acc)

    free_binding = filtered.__ash_bindings__.current

    {exists_query, acc} =
      cond do
        Map.get(first_relationship, :manual) ->
          {module, opts} = first_relationship.manual

          [pkey_attr | _] = Ash.Resource.Info.primary_key(first_relationship.destination)

          pkey_attr = Ash.Resource.Info.attribute(first_relationship.destination, pkey_attr)

          source_ref =
            ref_binding(
              %Ref{
                attribute: pkey_attr,
                relationship_path: at_path,
                resource: resource
              },
              bindings
            )

          {:ok, subquery} =
            module.ash_postgres_subquery(
              opts,
              source_ref,
              0,
              filtered
            )

          {subquery, acc}

        first_relationship.type == :many_to_many ->
          source_ref =
            ref_binding(
              %Ref{
                attribute:
                  Ash.Resource.Info.attribute(resource, first_relationship.source_attribute),
                relationship_path: at_path,
                resource: resource
              },
              bindings
            )

          through_relationship =
            Ash.Resource.Info.relationship(resource, first_relationship.join_relationship)

          through_bindings =
            query
            |> Map.delete(:__ash_bindings__)
            |> AshPostgres.DataLayer.default_bindings(
              query.__ash_bindings__.resource,
              query.__ash_bindings__.context
            )
            |> Map.get(:__ash_bindings__)
            |> Map.put(:bindings, %{
              free_binding => %{path: [], source: first_relationship.through, type: :root}
            })

          {:ok, through, through_acc} =
            AshPostgres.Join.maybe_get_resource_query(
              first_relationship.through,
              through_relationship,
              query,
              false,
              [first_relationship.join_relationship],
              through_bindings,
              nil,
              false
            )

          acc = merge_accumulator(acc, through_acc)

          query =
            Ecto.Query.from(destination in filtered,
              join: through in ^through,
              as: ^free_binding,
              on:
                field(through, ^first_relationship.destination_attribute_on_join_resource) ==
                  field(destination, ^first_relationship.destination_attribute),
              on:
                field(parent_as(^source_ref), ^first_relationship.source_attribute) ==
                  field(through, ^first_relationship.source_attribute_on_join_resource)
            )

          {query, acc}

        Map.get(first_relationship, :no_attributes?) ->
          {filtered, acc}

        true ->
          source_ref =
            ref_binding(
              %Ref{
                attribute:
                  Ash.Resource.Info.attribute(resource, first_relationship.source_attribute),
                relationship_path: at_path,
                resource: resource
              },
              bindings
            )

          query =
            Ecto.Query.from(destination in filtered,
              where:
                field(parent_as(^source_ref), ^first_relationship.source_attribute) ==
                  field(destination, ^first_relationship.destination_attribute)
            )

          {query, acc}
      end

    exists_query =
      exists_query
      |> Ecto.Query.exclude(:select)
      |> Ecto.Query.select(1)
      |> AshPostgres.DataLayer.set_subquery_prefix(query, first_relationship.destination)

    {Ecto.Query.dynamic(exists(Ecto.Query.subquery(exists_query))), acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ref{
           attribute: %Ash.Resource.Attribute{
             name: name,
             type: attr_type,
             constraints: constraints
           }
         } = ref,
         bindings,
         _embedded?,
         acc,
         expr_type
       ) do
    ref_binding = ref_binding(ref, bindings)

    if is_nil(ref_binding) do
      raise "Error while building reference: #{inspect(ref)}"
    end

    constraints =
      if attr_type do
        constraints
      end

    expr =
      case AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(attr_type || expr_type, constraints) do
        nil ->
          if query.__ash_bindings__[:parent?] do
            Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(parent_as(^ref_binding), ^name))
          else
            Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(as(^ref_binding), ^name))
          end

        type ->
          validate_type!(query, type, ref)

          if query.__ash_bindings__[:parent?] do
            Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(field(parent_as(^ref_binding), ^name), ^type))
          else
            Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(field(as(^ref_binding), ^name), ^type))
          end
      end

    {expr, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(
         query,
         %Ref{attribute: %Ash.Resource.Aggregate{name: name}} = ref,
         bindings,
         _embedded?,
         acc,
         _expr_type
       ) do
    ref_binding = ref_binding(ref, bindings)

    if is_nil(ref_binding) do
      raise "Error while building reference: #{inspect(ref)}"
    end

    expr =
      if query.__ash_bindings__[:parent?] do
        Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(parent_as(^ref_binding), ^name))
      else
        Ecto.Query.dynamic(field(as(^ref_binding), ^name))
      end

    {expr, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(_query, %Ash.Vector{} = value, _bindings, _embedded?, acc, _type) do
    {value, acc}
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, _type)
       when is_map(value) and not is_struct(value) do
    Enum.reduce(value, {%{}, acc}, fn {key, value}, {map, acc} ->
      {value, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc)
      {Map.put(map, key, value), acc}
    end)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, other, bindings, true, acc, type) do
    if other && is_atom(other) && !is_boolean(other) do
      {to_string(other), acc}
    else
      if Ash.Filter.TemplateHelpers.expr?(other) do
        if is_list(other) do
          list_expr(query, other, bindings, true, acc, type)
        else
          raise "Unsupported expression in AshPostgres query: #{inspect(other, structs: false)}"
        end
      else
        maybe_sanitize_list(query, other, bindings, true, acc, type)
      end
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, {:in, type}) when is_list(value) do
    list_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, {:array, type})
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
       when not is_nil(value) and is_atom(value) and not is_boolean(value) do
    do_dynamic_expr(query, to_string(value), bindings, embedded?, acc, type)
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, false, acc, type)
       when type == nil or type == :any do
    if is_list(value) do
      list_expr(query, value, bindings, false, acc, type)
    else
      maybe_sanitize_list(query, value, bindings, true, acc, type)
    end
  end

  defp do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, false, acc, type) do
    if Ash.Filter.TemplateHelpers.expr?(value) do
      if is_list(value) do
        list_expr(query, value, bindings, false, acc, type)
      else
        raise "Unsupported expression in AshPostgres query: #{inspect(value, structs: false)}"
      end
    else
      case maybe_sanitize_list(query, value, bindings, true, acc, type) do
        {^value, acc} ->
          if type do
            validate_type!(query, type, value)

            {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^value, ^type)), acc}
          else
            {value, acc}
          end

        {value, acc} ->
          {value, acc}
      end
    end
  end

  defp extract_cases(
         query,
         expr,
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type,
         list_acc \\ []
       )

  defp extract_cases(
         query,
         %If{arguments: [condition, when_true, when_false], embedded?: pred_embedded?},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type,
         list_acc
       ) do
    [condition_type, when_true_type, when_false_type] =
      case AshPostgres.Types.determine_types(If, [condition, when_true, when_false]) do
        [condition_type, when_true] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, nil]

        [condition_type, when_true, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, when_false]
      end
      |> case do
        [condition_type, nil, nil] ->
          [condition_type, type, type]

        [condition_type, when_true, nil] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, type]

        [condition_type, nil, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, type, when_false]

        [condition_type, when_true, when_false] ->
          [condition_type, when_true, when_false]
      end

    {condition, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        condition,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        condition_type
      )

    {when_true, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        when_true,
        bindings,
        pred_embedded? || embedded?,
        acc,
        when_true_type
      )

    extract_cases(
      query,
      when_false,
      bindings,
      embedded?,
      acc,
      when_false_type,
      [{condition, when_true} | list_acc]
    )
  end

  defp extract_cases(
         query,
         other,
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         acc,
         type,
         list_acc
       ) do
    {expr, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        other,
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc,
        type
      )

    {Enum.reverse(list_acc), expr, acc}
  end

  defp split_at_paths(type, constraints, next, acc \\ [{:bracket, [], nil, nil}])

  defp split_at_paths(_type, _constraints, [], acc) do
    acc
  end

  defp split_at_paths({:array, type}, constraints, [next | rest], [first_acc | rest_acc])
       when is_integer(next) do
    case first_acc do
      {:bracket, path, nil, nil} ->
        split_at_paths(type, constraints[:items] || [], rest, [
          {:bracket, [next | path], type, constraints}
          | rest_acc
        ])

      {:dot, _field, _, _} ->
        split_at_paths(type, constraints[:items] || [], rest, [
          {:bracket, [next], type, constraints},
          first_acc
          | rest_acc
        ])
    end
  end

  defp split_at_paths(type, constraints, [next | rest], [first_acc | rest_acc])
       when is_atom(next) or is_binary(next) do
    bracket_or_dot =
      if type && Ash.Type.composite?(type, constraints) do
        :dot
      else
        :bracket
      end

    {next, type, constraints} =
      cond do
        type && Ash.Type.embedded_type?(type) ->
          type =
            if Ash.Type.NewType.new_type?(type) do
              Ash.Type.NewType.subtype_of(type)
            else
              type
            end

          %{type: type, constraints: constraints} = Ash.Resource.Info.attribute(type, next)
          {next, type, constraints}

        type && Ash.Type.composite?(type, constraints) ->
          condition =
            if is_binary(next) do
              fn {name, _type, _constraints} ->
                to_string(name) == next
              end
            else
              fn {name, _type, _constraints} ->
                name == next
              end
            end

          case Enum.find(Ash.Type.composite_types(type, constraints), condition) do
            nil ->
              {next, nil, nil}

            {_, aliased_as, type, constraints} ->
              {aliased_as, type, constraints}

            {name, type, constraints} ->
              {name, type, constraints}
          end

        true ->
          {next, nil, nil}
      end

    case bracket_or_dot do
      :dot ->
        case first_acc do
          {:bracket, [], _, _} ->
            split_at_paths(type, constraints, rest, [
              {bracket_or_dot, [next], type, constraints} | rest_acc
            ])

          {:bracket, path, nil, nil} ->
            split_at_paths(type, constraints, rest, [
              {bracket_or_dot, [next], type, constraints},
              {:bracket, path, nil, nil}
              | rest_acc
            ])

          {:dot, _path, _, _} ->
            split_at_paths(type, constraints, rest, [
              {bracket_or_dot, [next], nil, nil},
              first_acc | rest_acc
            ])
        end

      :bracket ->
        case first_acc do
          {:bracket, path, nil, nil} ->
            split_at_paths(type, constraints, rest, [
              {bracket_or_dot, [next | path], type, constraints}
              | rest_acc
            ])

          {:dot, _path, _, _} ->
            split_at_paths(type, constraints, rest, [
              {bracket_or_dot, [next], nil, nil},
              first_acc | rest_acc
            ])
        end
    end
  end

  defp list_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, type) do
    type =
      case type do
        {:array, type} -> type
        {:in, type} -> type
        _ -> nil
      end

    {params, exprs, _, acc} =
      Enum.reduce(value, {[], [], 0, acc}, fn value, {params, data, count, acc} ->
        case do_dynamic_expr(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, type) do
          {%Ecto.Query.DynamicExpr{} = dynamic, acc} ->
            result =
              Ecto.Query.Builder.Dynamic.partially_expand(
                :select,
                query,
                dynamic,
                params,
                count
              )

            expr = elem(result, 0)
            new_params = elem(result, 1)
            new_count = result |> Tuple.to_list() |> List.last()

            {new_params, [expr | data], new_count, acc}

          {other, acc} ->
            {params, [other | data], count, acc}
        end
      end)

    {%Ecto.Query.DynamicExpr{
       fun: fn _query ->
         {Enum.reverse(exprs), Enum.reverse(params), [], []}
       end,
       binding: [],
       file: __ENV__.file,
       line: __ENV__.line
     }, acc}
  end

  defp maybe_uuid_to_binary({:array, type}, value, _original_value) when is_list(value) do
    Enum.map(value, &maybe_uuid_to_binary(type, &1, &1))
  end

  defp maybe_uuid_to_binary(type, value, original_value)
       when type in [
              Ash.Type.UUID.EctoType,
              :uuid
            ] and is_binary(value) do
    case Ecto.UUID.dump(value) do
      {:ok, encoded} -> encoded
      _ -> original_value
    end
  end

  defp maybe_uuid_to_binary(_type, _value, original_value), do: original_value

  @doc false
  def validate_type!(query, type, context) do
    case type do
      {:parameterized, Ash.Type.CiStringWrapper.EctoType, _} ->
        require_extension!(query, "citext", context)

      :ci_string ->
        require_extension!(query, "citext", context)

      :citext ->
        require_extension!(query, "citext", context)

      _ ->
        :ok
    end
  end

  defp maybe_type(dynamic, nil, _query), do: dynamic

  defp maybe_type(dynamic, type, query) do
    validate_type!(query, type, type)

    Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^dynamic, ^type))
  end

  defp maybe_sanitize_list(query, value, bindings, embedded?, acc, type) do
    if is_list(value) do
      value
      |> Enum.reduce({[], acc}, fn item, {list, acc} ->
        {new_item, acc} = do_dynamic_expr(query, item, bindings, embedded?, acc, type)

        {[new_item | list], acc}
      end)
      |> then(fn {list, acc} ->
        {Enum.reverse(list), acc}
      end)
    else
      {value, acc}
    end
  end

  defp ref_binding(
         %{attribute: %Ash.Query.Aggregate{name: name}, relationship_path: relationship_path},
         bindings
       ) do
    Enum.find_value(bindings.bindings, fn {binding, data} ->
      data.type == :aggregate &&
        data.path == relationship_path &&
        Enum.any?(data.aggregates, &(&1.name == name)) && binding
    end) ||
      Enum.find_value(bindings.bindings, fn {binding, data} ->
        data.type in [:inner, :left, :root] &&
          Ash.SatSolver.synonymous_relationship_paths?(
            bindings.resource,
            data.path,
            relationship_path
          ) && binding
      end)
  end

  defp ref_binding(
         %{
           attribute: %Ash.Resource.Aggregate{name: name},
           relationship_path: relationship_path
         },
         bindings
       ) do
    Enum.find_value(bindings.bindings, fn {binding, data} ->
      data.type == :aggregate &&
        data.path == relationship_path &&
        Enum.any?(data.aggregates, &(&1.name == name)) && binding
    end)
  end

  defp ref_binding(%{attribute: %Ash.Resource.Attribute{}} = ref, bindings) do
    Enum.find_value(bindings.bindings, fn {binding, data} ->
      data.type in [:inner, :left, :root] &&
        Ash.SatSolver.synonymous_relationship_paths?(
          bindings.resource,
          data.path,
          ref.relationship_path
        ) && binding
    end)
  end

  defp do_get_path(
         query,
         expr,
         {:bracket, path, type, constraints},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         pred_embedded?,
         acc
       ) do
    type = AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(type, constraints)
    path = path |> Enum.reverse() |> Enum.map(&to_string/1)

    path_frags =
      path
      |> Enum.flat_map(fn item ->
        [expr: item, raw: "::text,"]
      end)
      |> :lists.droplast()
      |> Enum.concat(raw: "::text)")

    {expr, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments:
            [
              raw: "jsonb_extract_path_text(",
              expr: expr,
              raw: "::jsonb,"
            ] ++ path_frags
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc
      )

    if type do
      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^expr, ^type)), acc}
    else
      {expr, acc}
    end
  end

  defp do_get_path(
         query,
         expr,
         {:dot, [field], type, constraints},
         bindings,
         embedded?,
         pred_embedded?,
         acc
       )
       when is_atom(field) do
    type = AshPostgres.Types.parameterized_type(type, constraints)

    {expr, acc} =
      do_dynamic_expr(
        query,
        %Fragment{
          embedded?: pred_embedded?,
          arguments: [
            raw: "((",
            expr: expr,
            raw: ").#{field})"
          ]
        },
        bindings,
        embedded?,
        acc
      )

    if type do
      {Ecto.Query.dynamic(type(^expr, ^type)), acc}
    else
      {expr, acc}
    end
  end

  defp require_ash_functions!(query, operator) do
    installed_extensions =
      AshPostgres.DataLayer.Info.repo(query.__ash_bindings__.resource, :mutate).installed_extensions()

    unless "ash-functions" in installed_extensions do
      raise """
      Cannot use `#{operator}` without adding the extension `ash-functions` to your repo.

      Add it to the list in `installed_extensions/0` and generate migrations.
      """
    end
  end

  defp require_extension!(query, extension, context) do
    repo = AshPostgres.DataLayer.Info.repo(query.__ash_bindings__.resource, :mutate)

    unless extension in repo.installed_extensions() do
      raise Ash.Error.Query.InvalidExpression,
        expression: context,
        message:
          "The #{extension} extension needs to be installed before #{inspect(context)} can be used. Please add \"#{extension}\" to the list of installed_extensions in #{inspect(repo)}."
    end
  end

  @doc false
  def set_parent_path(query, parent, parent_is_parent_as? \\ true) do
    # This is a stupid name. Its actually the path we *remove* when stepping up a level. I.e the child's path
    Map.update!(query, :__ash_bindings__, fn ash_bindings ->
      ash_bindings
      |> Map.put(
        :parent_bindings,
        parent.__ash_bindings__ |> Map.put(:parent_is_parent_as?, parent_is_parent_as?)
      )
      |> Map.put(:parent_resources, [
        parent.__ash_bindings__.resource | parent.__ash_bindings__[:parent_resources] || []
      ])
    end)
  end

  defp nest_expression(expression, relationship_path) do
    case expression do
      {key, value} when is_atom(key) ->
        {key, nest_expression(value, relationship_path)}

      %Not{expression: expression} = not_expr ->
        %{not_expr | expression: nest_expression(expression, relationship_path)}

      %BooleanExpression{left: left, right: right} = expression ->
        %{
          expression
          | left: nest_expression(left, relationship_path),
            right: nest_expression(right, relationship_path)
        }

      %{__operator__?: true, left: left, right: right} = op ->
        left = nest_expression(left, relationship_path)
        right = nest_expression(right, relationship_path)
        %{op | left: left, right: right}

      %Ref{} = ref ->
        add_to_ref_path(ref, relationship_path)

      %{__function__?: true, arguments: args} = func ->
        %{func | arguments: Enum.map(args, &nest_expression(&1, relationship_path))}

      %Ash.Query.Exists{} = exists ->
        %{exists | at_path: relationship_path ++ exists.at_path}

      %Ash.Query.Parent{} = parent ->
        parent

      %Ash.Query.Call{args: args} = call ->
        %{call | args: Enum.map(args, &nest_expression(&1, relationship_path))}

      %Ash.Filter{expression: expression} = filter ->
        %{filter | expression: nest_expression(expression, relationship_path)}

      other ->
        other
    end
  end

  defp add_to_ref_path(%Ref{relationship_path: relationship_path} = ref, to_add) do
    %{ref | relationship_path: to_add ++ relationship_path}
  end

  @doc false
  def merge_accumulator(%ExprInfo{has_error?: left_has_error?}, %ExprInfo{
        has_error?: right_has_error?
      }) do
    %ExprInfo{has_error?: left_has_error? || right_has_error?}
  end
end